Why the Service Connection Claim
was approved.

1970 Pneumatic Jet Injector (B I P) BIP-4 device
 10% of the time a blood droplet appears after injection.] Agafonov

1975  Letter: Hepatitis transmission by high pressure injection? Spiess- Dtsch Med Wochenschr 21 Nov 1975;;100(47):2465

 1982 Release of nickel into fluids stored in the reservoir of Dermo-Jets. Contact Dermatitis May 1982;8(3):122-127.Lachapelle
 

1985 Virus transmission by subcutaneous jet injection.

...transmitted by subcutaneous jet injection in 16 cases out of 49. Other routes of cross-infection were ruled out.   http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jet_injection.htm#Virustransmission

1994 The safety of the jet (needle-free) injection.

...such infection is possible ....... These risk factors can be eliminated by strict observation of rules for handling these instruments. http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jet_injection.htm#Med Microbiol 1985   
 

 1996  World Health Organization Statements on Jet Gun Injection and Transmission of Blood Born Pathogens 

....the metal cap was found to be contaminated after 1 in 7 injections  http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/world_health_organization.htm

2.6.2  Standard precautions
Injectors with or without rubber caps demonstrated carryover of fluorescein; cap replacement again resulted in cross-contamination minimization.

Jet gun injectors with a design fault that allowed blood to remain inside the equipment. http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jetgun_faultydesign.htm

1997  Predicate Devices:K013256 Felton International's Bi-3M

Preamendment Ped-O-Jet

Modification of the devices BI-19 and BI-1M with “rubber caps” and BI-3 injector with a changed angle of jet penetration resulted in no transmission of infection, even with concentrations up to 7.0IgDL50/mL and volumes up to 1.0 mL.
 http://hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jet_injection.htm

1997  Clinical evaluation of a needle free injection device for military applications. Unpublished, undated document (8 pages) distributed by Biojector, Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA. Herbst J.

1998  INFO: Potential for Cross-Contamination From Use of a Needleless Injector.

....resulted in the contamination of these 3 sites on the device.
http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jet_injection_studies.htm#Cross-Contamination

1998  Jet injectors may transmit blood-borne infections

  "....theoretical risk of transmission as high as 1 per 388"...    http://www.hcvets.com/data/transmission_methods/jet_injection_studies.htm

1999 Cost of tetanus toxoid injection using a jet-injector (Imule) in collective immunization in Senegal: comparison with injection using a syringe and resterilizable needle]    

Military discontinues the use of jet guns for mass immunization of military troops