Model-based estimates of risks of disease transmission and economic costs of seven injection devices in sub-Saharan Africa*

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Donatus U. Ekwueme,1 Bruce G. Weniger,2 & Robert T. Chen3

"Our modelling reveals that unsafe parenteral injection in sub-Saharan Africa causes a substantial health and  economic burden from iatrogenic disease."
 

"Assumed maintenance of 10 minutes per 200 vaccinations for clearing clogged nozzles, freeing jammed check valves, etc. (at US$ 1.50/hour labour). Time estimate source: ref. 50."
 

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